Relationship between metabolic syndrome and multinodular non-toxic goiter in an inpatient population from a geographic area with moderate iodine deficiency
D. Rendina1,2, G. De Filippo1, G. Mossetti1, G. Zampa1, R. Muscariello1, G. Benvenuto2, C.L. Vivona2, S. Ippolito3, F. Galante3, G. Lombardi3, B. Biondi3, and P. Strazzullo1
1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University, Naples; 2Spinelli Hospital, Belvedere Marittimo (Cosenza); 3Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy

Background: Obesity and insulin resistance predispose individuals to the development of both metabolic syndrome and non-toxic nodular thyroid diseases. Aim: The aim of this observational, cross-sectional study is to evaluate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and multinodular non-toxic goiter in an inpatient population from a geographic area with moderate iodine deficiency. Subjects and methods: We examined 1422 Caucasian euthyroid inpatients. Thyroid volume was determined by ultrasound of the neck. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy was performed to evaluate single thyroid nodules and dominant nodules ≥15 mm in euthyroid multinodular goiter. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was made according to the criteria of the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Results: Of the sample, 277 patients had clinical evidence of multinodular non-toxic goiter, 461 met the criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, and 132 were found to have both conditions. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, nicotinism, parity, alcohol intake, thyroid function, and metabolic syndrome-related pharmacological treatment, metabolic syndrome was found to be an independent risk factor for the occurrence of multinodular non-toxic goiter. The relationship between metabolic syndrome and multi nodular non-toxic goiter was apparent in both men and women. Conclusions: In this study of euthyroid inpatients, we demonstrate that metabolic syndrome is an independent risk factor for the occurrence of multinodular non-toxic goiter in a geographic area with moderate iodine deficiency. We propose that patients meeting the criteria for metabolic syndrome should be screened for the presence of multinodular non-toxic goiter. (J. Endocrinol. Invest. 35: 407-412, 2012) ©2012, Editrice Kurtis

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